Shielding Power from Justice

Albania’s judicial reforms and related actions in Serbia are raising concerns within the European Union regarding the rule of law and the country’s path toward accession. The ongoing debate centers on legislative measures intended to protect senior officials from judicial scrutiny, mirroring similar trends observed in the Western Balkans. Specifically, the situation involves the activities of Serbia’s Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime and Albania’s Special Anti Corruption Structure.

Recent judicial reforms enacted in both Serbia and Albania have drawn criticism from judges and prosecutors, who argue they strengthen the power of political leaders, weaken efforts to combat organized crime, and diminish the countries’ EU aspirations. The European Union has repeatedly emphasized the importance of the independence and effectiveness of special prosecution offices, established under international pressure, to combat impunity. Reuters reported that the European Union may suspend funds from a 1.6 billion euro package for Serbia following Belgrade’s adoption of laws undermining the rule of law.

The EU has consistently supported SPAK’s independence and effectiveness, while expressing serious concerns about attempts to exert political pressure on the judiciary. This includes concerns over the case of Deputy Prime Minister Belinda Balluku, where the EU has urged the Albanian Parliament to act swiftly on lifting her immunity, citing obstruction of justice and abuse of power. EU officials have cautioned against narratives of a “captured judiciary,” echoing concerns observed elsewhere in the Western Balkans.

The emphasis remains on accountability and immunity, with repeated warnings against political interference in the justice system. The European Commission’s 2025 report highlights this as a serious issue, and refusal to lift immunity is viewed as a direct blow to the justice reform. Similar to the situation in Serbia, the EU is demanding the repeal of amended judicial laws that have severely undermined the special prosecution’s ability to pursue high-level corruption.

The Balluku case has been presented as a decisive test of Albania’s rule of law progress. Continued protection of Balluku could lead to serious consequences for Albania’s EU integration process, with several member states, including Germany, signaling potential disruption to the accession process. Political interference in the judiciary represents a key concern, and Prime Minister Rama’s ruling majority is now considering legislative changes aimed at shielding power and protecting officials.

This approach, if implemented, could further jeopardize Albania’s progress toward EU membership.

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